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What is Mortgage Valuation?
When a buyer is interested in buying a property, he will need to approach the bank for a mortgage. Because property transactions are capital intensive, buyers typically only put up 20-40% equity (depending on your credit rating), borrowing the remainder from the bank.
When the buyer applies for a mortgage, the bank will commission a property valuation firm to conduct a mortgage valuation. The report is used to establish whether the property is worth the value that the buyer is proposing to buy it for. The bank requires it to protect itself in the event that the borrower defaults, i.e. fails to pay up. Should the borrower default, the bank will have to sell the property, and they need to know that if they do sell the property the proceeds can cover the loan.
Here you might ask, why doesn't the bank just hold onto the property for capital appreciation, while renting it out to derive income in the meantime? The short answer to that is that banks prefer to focus on their core business of banking, not property investment.